Scandinavian language challenge day 12

Today I worked through the third chapter of Norwegian in three months, covering:

• commands and requests
• question words
• more negative words
• demonstratives
• numbers to 100
• other words

Commands and requests

The imperative is the same as the stem of the verb. It is formed by removing the suffix -e from the infinitive.
For verbs ending in a stressed vowel, the stem is the same as the infinitive.

The negative imperative includes the word ikke immediately before or immediately after the imperative.
Example: Vent ikke på meg / Ikke vent på meg. Don’t wait for me.

Verbs (like English or German): betale (pay); gå (go); spise (eat); komme tilbake (come back); stå (stand); se på (look at); se etter (look for); like (like); koste (cost); reise (bort) (leave); råke (smoke); mene (mean); prøve (try); rense (clean); salte (salt); a legge (ned) (arrange); servere (serve); smake (taste)

Other verbs: vente (wait); stanse (stop); stenge (close, eg shops); spørre (ask); har det bra (feel well);

Question words

Hvor (where); når (when); hvordan (how); hvem (who); hvorfor (why) hvilken / hvilket / vilke (which); hva (what); hvor mange (how many); hvor mye (how much)

More negative words

Aldri (never); ingen / ikke noen (no one, no); intet / ikke noe / ingenting (neuter) (nothing, no); ikke lenger (no longer); ikke mer (no more)

Demonstratives

The most common demonstratives are denne / dette / disse (this / these) and den / det de (that / those). They are always stressed.

For emphasis, her (here) or der (there) is sometimes added. The demonstratives can be used before a noun or alone.
Example: Denne bilen (her) er min, men den (der) tilhører min nabo.
This car is mine but that one belongs to my neighbour.

Numbers to 100

Zero = null

Larger numbers (official system, tens before units): 21 tjueen; 22 tjueto etc.
In this official system, sju replaces syv (7), tjue replaces tyve (20) and tretti (30) replaces tredve.

Larger numbers (traditional system: units-og-tens): 21 enogtyve; 22 toogtyve etc

Some of the other words in this chapter

Nouns (like English or German):

• leksojonen, leksen (lesson); himmelen (sky); søster (sister); sønn (son); språket (the language); kassen (the cash desk); frue (madam);

Nouns about food:

• skinken (the ham); skinkerullen (the luncheon meat); spekeskinke (the cured ham); spekepølsen (the cured sausage); fenalåret (the cured leg of lamb); spesialiteten (the speciality); brødet (the bread); kaken (the cake); smørbrødpålegget (cooked meats, sandwich filling); skiven (the slice); røkelaks (smoked salmon); rakørreten (the corned trout);

Other nouns:

• øvelse (exercise); din aftensmat (your support); kolnialhandel (grocer’s); ledig stelling (vacant post); delikatesseforretningen (the deli); kjømannen (the shopkeeper); landturen (picnic); trebutten (the small wooden tub); lukten (the smell)

Adjectives:

• stille (still) nærmest (nearest); først (first); fransk (French); unforglemmelig (unforgettable); moderne (fashionale); utmerket (excellent); laget av (made from); nyfisket (freshly caught); alt (all)

Other words: nok (enough); omtrent (about); minst (at least); før (before); kanskje (perhaps)

Phrases:

• så tykk (that thick); det kommer på (it comes to); jeg vil gjerne ha (I’d like); lag me få (let me have)har De lyst til? (would you like?); å klare seg (to be enough); mye bedre (much better) Hvor mye koster det? How much does it cost?